Kurose Hole |
inactive |
arc volcano |
Izu-Bonin Arc |
33.4000 |
139.6800 |
760 |
1989 inactive; 2009 inactive |
Tahi Moana 1 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.6900 |
-176.1800 |
2256 |
2008 commercial ROV; 2004 plume only |
White Island |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Taupo Volcanic Zone |
-37.5191 |
177.1953 |
30 |
1989 or earlier, likely SCUBA |
VFR, plume 4 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-22.3400 |
-176.6590 |
1700 |
2004 plume only |
C-ELSC, plume 14 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-21.3200 |
-176.3640 |
2100 |
2004 plume only |
CLSC, A3 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-18.6000 |
-176.4500 |
2500 |
1990 submersible Mir |
Solwara 16 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.4380 |
149.9670 |
2163 |
2009 commercial ROV Fugro FV300 (activity not confirmed) |
Futagoyama |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
24.8674 |
123.3081 |
1270 |
2016 ROV Kaiko dive 717 |
FRSC, Fonualei South |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-17.5352 |
-174.5668 |
1620 |
2012 ROV Quest 4000 |
Mariana Trough, plume 2 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
12.7610 |
143.4730 |
2950 |
2003 plume only |
DESMOS Cauldron |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.6958 |
151.8717 |
2000 |
1990 deep-sea monitoring system (DESMOS) video and still cameras |
FRSC, South Central |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-16.6667 |
-174.5167 |
1820 |
2004 plume only; 2006 plume and chimney samples; 2009 camera tow and sampling (activity not confirmed) |
NWLSC, Central Caldera |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-15.8000 |
-177.2666 |
2200 |
2008 plume and dredge only |
SPOT, Hatoma Knoll |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
24.8550 |
123.8410 |
1520 |
1999 submersible Shinkai 2000 |
Nifonea Ridge |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
New Hebrides back-arc |
-18.1330 |
169.5170 |
1900 |
2001 towed video; 2013 ROV Kiel 6000 black smokers |
Mariana Trough, 15.5 N |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
15.4080 |
144.5090 |
4196 |
2015 plume only, 2016 ROV did not confirm |
Tripartite Ridge, south of TR3 |
inactive |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-14.0745 |
175.4729 |
3000 |
NotProvided |
ABE |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.7619 |
-176.1910 |
2220 |
2004 AUV ABE; 2004 plume only on previous cruise |
Extensional Relay Zone A |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.1667 |
177.4167 |
2335 |
1999 towed camera did not confirm activity |
central Manus Basin, Bismarck Sea |
inactive |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.4199 |
150.1681 |
2500 |
NotProvided |
N-ELSC, plume 22 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.4000 |
-176.1580 |
2700 |
2004 plume only |
NWLSC, Southern Caldera |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-15.9000 |
-177.4166 |
2160 |
2008 plume only |
VFR, unnamed |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-22.5150 |
-176.6500 |
1970 |
2004 plume only |
Woodlark Basin, Segment 3B |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Woodlark Basin |
-9.8000 |
155.0667 |
3300 |
2009 plume only |
C-ELSC, plume 15 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-21.2700 |
-176.3470 |
2230 |
2004 plume only |
CLSC, CL_7 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-18.1333 |
-176.3667 |
2250 |
2009 plume only |
Solwara 17 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.0380 |
147.5280 |
535 |
2009 commercial ROV Fugro FV300; 2008 plumes with some sites subsequently observed with ROV |
Natsushima 84-1 Knoll |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
27.5750 |
127.1417 |
1600 |
1986 submersible Shinkai 2000 |
Mariana Trough, Central Trough |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
18.0467 |
144.7533 |
3676 |
1987 submersible Alvin |
SPOT, Yonaguni Knoll IV |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
24.8490 |
122.7000 |
1385 |
2000 submersibles Shinkai 2000 and Shinkai 6500 |