FRSC, Fonualei South

southernmost FRSC; 2012 cruise blog, accessed 24 April 2015, http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/12fire/logs/summary/summary.html: "dive (Q-323) on September 13 was made on the large central volcano at the southernmost end of the Fonualei Rift ... deeper site on the NE flank ... tall spires identified on a previous survey map were found to be a group of very tall (up to 30 m), active, high temperature chimneys (254 C measured)."; 2012 cruise report: Loloa Kakai "vent field" at 1550-m depth is on flank of central cone; "...discovered two sites. The first was a low temperature site characterized by diffusely venting old chimneys near the summit of the central volcano. Also observed in the summit area was microbial mat with 39 C water... mussel shell debris on a steep slope below the summit. 1.2 km NE of the summit area site a group of very tall (up to 30 m) active high temperature chimneys, dubbed Laloa Kakai vent field"; Baker et al. 2019: sites 28 to 30 with spreading rate 11 mm/year in Table 1;