White Church |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-21.9612 |
-176.5234 |
1960 |
1989 submersible Nautile; 2004 plume survey |
Snail |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
12.9533 |
143.6200 |
2880 |
2003 ROV Jason II; 2003 plume only |
Futagoyama |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
24.8674 |
123.3081 |
1270 |
2016 ROV Kaiko dive 717 |
Pere Lachaise |
inactive |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.9667 |
173.9333 |
2000 |
1989 submersible Nautile did not find activity; 1991 submersible Shinkai 6500 did not find activity |
Calypso Vents |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Taupo Volcanic Zone |
-37.6800 |
177.1170 |
200 |
1989 submersible Soucoup |
Starfish Seamount, Tinakula |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
New Hebrides back-arc |
-12.2028 |
167.6139 |
1204 |
2011 commercial ROV; 1989 plume only; 1989 towed camera survey did not confirm activity; 2002 plume and dredge only |
ESR, E2 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
East Scotia Ridge |
-56.0917 |
-30.3250 |
2641 |
2009 towed video; 1999 plume only; 2010 ROV Isis |
VFR, plume 12 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-21.7300 |
-176.4530 |
1910 |
2004 plume only |
Tarama Knoll |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
25.0916 |
124.5416 |
1990 |
2009 ROV HyperDolphin |
Mariana Trough, 15.5 N |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
15.4080 |
144.5090 |
4196 |
2015 plume only, 2016 ROV did not confirm |
SuSu Knolls |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.8000 |
152.1000 |
1520 |
1996 towed camera/video; 1993 plume only |
Okinawa Trough, Site ES2 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
28.8137 |
128.1028 |
779 |
1992 dredge only |
NWLSC, Southern Caldera |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-15.9000 |
-177.4166 |
2160 |
2008 plume only |
White Lady |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.9833 |
173.9167 |
2000 |
1988 towed camera and plume; 1989 submersible Nautile |
Philippine Ridge, West Philippine Basin |
inactive |
back-arc spreading center |
West Philippine Basin |
12.0000 |
131.4170 |
5800 |
NotProvided |
Sonne 99 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.9500 |
173.9167 |
1980 |
1995 deep tow video and TV-grab |
Tow Cam |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.3169 |
-176.1367 |
2700 |
2004 AUV ABE; 2004 plume only on previous cruise |
Three Sisters, Middle Sister |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Bransfield Strait |
-62.6420 |
-58.9833 |
1040 |
1995 plume only; 1999 still had no visual confirmation |
N-ELSC, plume 25 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-19.8900 |
-176.0640 |
2680 |
2004 plume only |
CLSC, southern plumes on CL6 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-18.5000 |
-176.3833 |
2250 |
2009 plume only |
Station 58, N160 Axis |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.3167 |
173.5500 |
3900 |
1985 plume only; 1991 temperature anomalies but submersible Shinkai 6500 did not confirm activity |
ESR, E5 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
East Scotia Ridge |
-57.5000 |
-30.2000 |
3000 |
1999 plume only |
Kulo Lasi |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-14.9200 |
-177.2500 |
1478 |
2010 submersible Nautile |
VFR, plume 3 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-22.4000 |
-176.6790 |
1980 |
2004 plume only |
Mariana Trough, 16.5 N |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
16.4010 |
144.8700 |
3829 |
2015 plume only |
Sakai |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
27.5481 |
126.9895 |
1600 |
1988 submersible Shinkai 2000; 1987 plume only |
Higa |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
26.5550 |
126.2233 |
1485 |
2015 ROV Kaiko |
Tripartite Ridge, south of TR1 |
inactive |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-14.5000 |
177.0000 |
3000 |
NotProvided |
N-ELSC, plume 26 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-19.8200 |
-176.0420 |
2600 |
2004 plume only |
ESR, E9 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
East Scotia Ridge |
-60.0500 |
-29.9300 |
2402 |
2009 towed video; 1999 plume only; 2010 ROV Isis |