Niua South

southern end of volcano P (= Niua); SRK Consulting report for Nautilus Minerals: "Niua 2 is at a water depth of 900mBSL with a strike length of 230m and width of 170m. Niua 3 is at a water depth of 1,180mBSL with a strike length of 270m and width of 250m."; Merle et al. (2008): tow NELSC, t08c14; 2012 cruise blog, accessed 24 April 2015, http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/12fire/logs/sept18/sept18.html: "focused the dive on a large crater on the southern shoulder of the volcano at a depth of 1155 meters", "crater at Niua South was about 200 meters across and about 30 meters deep", "Most of the mound is now inactive, and formed of numerous collapsed dead chimneys, but at the top we found a spectacular black-smoker vent, consisting of a cluster of about 20 active chimneys that had all grown together, which we named Adelaide Spires", "peak temperature measured was 315 C, consistent with the boiling temperature at that depth"; 2012 cruise blog, accessed 24 April 2015, http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/12fire/logs/summary/summary.html: "Niua North, with its profuse venting of magmatic gases and sulfur volcanism, contrasts dramatically with the (presumably) more deeply rooted Niua South magma source with its extensive black smoker vent fields."; video of beehive chimneys, dive Q333, accessed 24 April 2015, http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/12fire/media/12firestream_playlist.html#; Baker et al. 2019: site 33 in Table 2;