Host Rock:
basaltic cones in felsic arc volcano
Notes on Vent Field Description:
caldera has two separate vent fields at 1140 and 1370-m depth
Year and How Discovered (if active, visual confirmation is listed first):
2005 submersible Pisces V; 1999 plume only
Discovery References (text):
(plume only) de Ronde, CEJ et al. (1999) First systematic survey of submarine hydrothermal plumes associated with active volcanoes of the southern Kermadec Arc, New Zealand: Initial results from the NZAPLUME cruise. InterRidge News 8(2): 35-39
(plume only) de Ronde, CEJ et al. (2001) Intra-oceanic subduction-related hydrothermal venting, Kermadec volcanic arc, New Zealand. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193: 359-369
New Zealand American Submarine Ring of Fire 2005 (NZASRoF'05) cruise report: http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05fire/logs/leg2_summary/media/srof05_cruisereport_final.pdf.