Nifonea Ridge |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
New Hebrides back-arc |
-18.1330 |
169.5170 |
1900 |
2001 towed video; 2013 ROV Kiel 6000 black smokers |
Hafa Adai |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
16.9570 |
144.8680 |
3294 |
2016 ROV Deep Discoverer; 2015 AUV Sentry plume mapping |
central Manus Basin, Bismarck Sea |
inactive |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.4199 |
150.1681 |
2500 |
NotProvided |
ESR, E5 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
East Scotia Ridge |
-57.5000 |
-30.2000 |
3000 |
1999 plume only |
Station 58, N160 Axis |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.3167 |
173.5500 |
3900 |
1985 plume only; 1991 temperature anomalies but submersible Shinkai 6500 did not confirm activity |
Snail |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
12.9533 |
143.6200 |
2880 |
2003 ROV Jason II; 2003 plume only |
Whale Island |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Taupo Volcanic Zone |
-37.8600 |
176.9800 |
42 |
1990 or earlier, likely by SCUBA |
Lobster |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-15.3330 |
-176.2830 |
1500 |
2008 plume and dredge only |
CLSC, CL_7 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-18.1333 |
-176.3667 |
2250 |
2009 plume only |
Natsushima 84-1 Knoll |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
27.5750 |
127.1417 |
1600 |
1986 submersible Shinkai 2000 |
Tarama Knoll |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Okinawa Trough |
25.0916 |
124.5416 |
1990 |
2009 ROV HyperDolphin |
Hine Hina |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-22.5300 |
-176.6970 |
1900 |
1989 submersible Nautile |
FRSC, 14b, 16.31 S |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-16.3110 |
-174.5550 |
2380 |
2008 plume only |
Maka |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-15.4217 |
-174.2850 |
1660 |
2008 commercial ROV; 2004 plume only; 2006 plume and chimney samples |
N-ELSC, plume 22 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.4000 |
-176.1580 |
2700 |
2004 plume only |
Central Spreading Ridge, Station 19 S |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-19.0000 |
173.5000 |
3000 |
1991 submersible Shinkai 6500 did not confirm activity |
ESR, E9 |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
East Scotia Ridge |
-60.0500 |
-29.9300 |
2402 |
2009 towed video; 1999 plume only; 2010 ROV Isis |
Three Sisters, Middle Sister |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Bransfield Strait |
-62.6420 |
-58.9833 |
1040 |
1995 plume only; 1999 still had no visual confirmation |
Kilo Moana |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.0532 |
-176.1336 |
2620 |
2004 AUV ABE; 2004 plume only on previous cruise |
White Church |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-21.9612 |
-176.5234 |
1960 |
1989 submersible Nautile; 2004 plume survey |
DESMOS Cauldron |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Manus Basin |
-3.6958 |
151.8717 |
2000 |
1990 deep-sea monitoring system (DESMOS) video and still cameras |
CLSC, CL_8 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-18.0500 |
-176.3333 |
2250 |
2009 plume only |
C-ELSC, plume 13 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-21.4150 |
-176.3720 |
2100 |
2004 plume only |
FRSC, 14b, 16.11 S |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-16.1150 |
-174.5680 |
2250 |
2008 plume only |
Perseverance |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
15.4802 |
144.5077 |
3935 |
2016 ROV SuBastian; 2015 AUV Sentry plume mapping |
Pika |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
Mariana Trough |
12.9183 |
143.6483 |
2990 |
2003 submersible Shinkai 6500; 2003 plume only |
C-ELSC, plume 19 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-20.8700 |
-176.2170 |
2230 |
2004 plume only |
MTJ, PAPATUA |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Lau Basin |
-15.3850 |
-174.6430 |
2170 |
1986 PAPATUA Expedition deposits only; 2008 plume only |
Central Andaman Trough, rift valley, dredges 9 and 10 |
active, inferred |
back-arc spreading center |
Andaman Basin |
10.4166 |
94.1666 |
3350 |
1994 deposits only |
White Lady |
active, confirmed |
back-arc spreading center |
North Fiji Basin |
-16.9833 |
173.9167 |
2000 |
1988 towed camera and plume; 1989 submersible Nautile |